这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关神谕密码文件有什么用，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
-===================================— Oracle密码文件–==============================/*一、密码文件 作用：主要进行DBA权限的身份认证 DBA用户：具有sysdba，sysoper权限的用户被称为dba用户。默认情况下sysdba角色中存在sys用户，sysoper角色中存在system用户二、Oracle的两种认证方式；http://
p; none sys用户无论是本机还是远程均不可用
四、演示：实验判断当前使用的是操作系统认证还是密码认证
1.在sqlnet.ora中追加SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = none
oracle@testdb admin]$ vi sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = none
~
"sqlnet.ora" [New] 1L, 39C written
[oracle@testdb admin]$
–使用操作系统登陆认证，失败
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:26:22 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01017: 用户名/口令无效; 登录被拒绝
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
[oracle@testdb admin]$
–改用密码认证登陆，成功。
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:27:04 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
2.将SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES的值改为all
[oracle@testdb admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = all
[oracle@testdb admin]$
[oracle@testdb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
DBDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.12)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DBdb)
)
)
testdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DBdb)
)
)
[oracle@testdb admin]$
DBDB是连接到远程的数据库的tns
testdb是连接到本机数据库的tns;
–使用操作系统登陆认证，成功。
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:36:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@testdb admin]$
–使用本机密码认证，成功；
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:40:35 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
–使用本机密码认证加本机tns连接，失败；
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@testdb as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:36:17 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
–使用客户端远程密码连接方式连接本机，成功：
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.56.28/DBdb
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期二 12月 26 10:16:53 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
–使用tns连接到其他数据库的tns,成功；
[oracle@testdb admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@DBDB as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 25 21:36:43 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
五、密码文件的建立：orapwd */
[oracle@testdb ~]$ orapwd
Usage: orapwd file=<fname> password=<password> entries=<users> force=<y/n>
where
file – name of password file (mand), /*密码文件的名字orapw<sid>*/
password – password for SYS will be prompted if not specified at command line, /*sys用户的密码*/
entries – maximum number of distinct DBA (optional), /*可以有多少个sysdba,sysoper权限用户放到密码文件中去，去掉重复记录*/
/*注意entries中存放的个数但不是实际个数，这个是二进制数据*/
force – whether to overwrite existing file (optional),/*10g新增的参数，默认值为n ,y表示允许覆盖*/
ignorecase – passwords are case-insensitive (optional),
nosysdba – whether to shut out the SYSDBA logon (optional Database Vault only).
There must be no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.
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