查看疾病控制和预防中心(疾控中心)和家长网的《新冠肺炎指南》,了解有关统计数据、疾病传播和旅行建议的最新信息。
冠状病毒（新冠肺炎)自从开始在世界范围内传播以来，已经引起了广泛的恐慌。但是，尽管仅在美国，这种疾病就导致了超过4700万人患病，研究人员仍在研究新冠肺炎到底是如何影响孕妇或胎儿的。根据疾病控制和预防中心（疾控中心)的说法，孕妇患严重疾病、住院和进入重症监护室的风险可能更高。专家正在寻找冠状病毒可能通过胎盘从母亲传给婴儿的证据。新冠肺炎检测呈阳性的孕妇也有早产的报道。
不过，令人欣慰的是，大多数新冠肺炎新生儿似乎没有任何并发症——证据表明，受感染母亲的母乳没有携带病毒。继续阅读，了解更多关于新冠肺炎和怀孕的信息，以及预防快速传播的呼吸道疾病的建议。
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Coronavirus and Pregnancy
期间问医生你是否怀孕的8个问题孕妇担心新冠肺炎是很自然的。根据气流母乳泵医学主任医学博士杰西卡马登(杰西卡马登)的说法，毕竟，由于生理和免疫系统的变化，他们感染病毒性疾病的风险更高。她说，例如，怀孕期间感染流感的女性比没有怀孕的女性患肺炎的风险更高。像流感这样的病毒性疾病会增加流产、出生缺陷、低出生体重和其他妊娠并发症的风险。
初步研究表明，新冠肺炎也遵循同样的趋势。疾控中心在研究2020年一月22日至6月七日的冠状病毒病例时发现，来自新冠肺炎的孕妇更有可能被送入重症监护室接受机械通气。
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According to Justin Brandt, M.D., an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology in the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Medical School in New Jersey, "women with COVID-19 might also be at greater risk for pregnancy complications" such as miscarriage, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction if they have COVID-19.
Keep in mind that the coronavirus tends to affect older people and those with preexisting conditions more severely, according to the CDC. It makes sense, then, that those with "high-risk" pregnancies have increased odds, suggests Dr. Madden. This includes women with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and other complications.
Young pregnant woman suffering from backache Credit: damircudic/Getty Images
Does COVID-19 Affect the Fetus?
In July 2020, doctors in France recorded COVID-19 transmission from a mother to a baby in the womb. The newborn experienced neurological symptoms, brain swelling, irritability, and body rigidity, according to The New York Times. He recovered without any complications within three weeks.
Other studies have also shown that transmission through the placenta (intrauterine vertical transmission) might be possible—although it appears to be a rare event. The good news is that most babies with the coronavirus have mild symptoms and recover without complications—although a few newborns suffered severe illness or death.
Some pregnant women with the coronavirus experienced pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and miscarriage. According to a November 2020 CDC report, pregnant women may be at a higher risk of giving birth prematurely. Among 3,912 babies born to COVID-19 positive women, 12.9 percent were born before 37 weeks—higher than the national estimate of 10.2 percent.
A study published in Lancet Regional Health — Americas also supports this claim. Researchers examined women who delivered babies in California from July 2020 to January 2021. They found that those diagnosed with COVID-19 (as documented on the birth certificate) had a 60 percent increase in very preterm birth occurring before 32 weeks gestation. They also had a 40 percent increase in preterm birth (between 32 and 37 weeks) and a 10 percent increase in early term birth (between 37 and 38 weeks). Pregnant people with co-morbidities—like high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes—had an even greater risk of preterm birth after COVID-19 infection.
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When it comes to breastfeeding after baby comes, evidence suggests that mothers with COVID-19 are not likely to spread the virus through their breast milk. The CDC just recommends wearing a mask and washing your hands before nursing if you do have COVID-19.
How to Prevent COVID-19 Transmission
If you're pregnant or a new parent, avoid crowded indoor spaces and don't interact with anyone who's had potential exposure. What's more, "basic practices encouraged for protection against any respiratory infection remain valid," says Charles Bailey, M.D., medical director for infection prevention at St. Joseph Hospital in Orange County, California. "Stay home if you're ill (and encourage others to do the same), cover your cough or sneeze, use disposable tissues and throw them away immediately after use, and get a flu shot." The CDC also recommends the use of cloth face masks in public settings where social distancing might be difficult, especially for unvaccinated people.
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Dr. Bailey suggests frequently washing your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. The CDC says hand sanitizer with at least 60 percent alcohol also works in a pinch. Washing your hands is especially important before eating or touching your face.
Finally, get the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available to you. Experts and medical organizations—including the CDC, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American College of Nurse-Midwives, and more—recommend getting vaccinated while pregnant.
I’m Pregnant and Think I Have the Coronavirus—Now What?
If you're showing symptoms of the coronavirus (cough, fever, shortness of breath), consult your obstetrician or physician right away. Respiratory symptoms should be taken seriously, since they may have negative consequences for the pregnancy.
If you are diagnosed with the coronavirus, your health care provider will decide on a course of treatment. "It's also important for pregnant women with coronavirus to plan for a hospital birth due to their risk of developing complications from the virus (like pneumonia)," says Dr. Madden. She adds that newborns should also be closely monitored for the development of viral symptoms after birth.
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